答：工業廢水(industrial wastewater )包括生產廢水、生產污水及冷卻水，是指工業生產過程中產生的廢水和廢液，其中含有隨水流失的工業生產用料、中間產物、副產品以及生產過程中產生的污染物。工業廢水種類繁多，成分復雜。例如電解鹽工業廢水中含有汞，重金屬冶煉工業廢水含鉛、鎘等各種金屬，電鍍工業廢水中含氰化物和鉻等各種重金屬，石油煉制工業廢水中含酚，農藥制造工業廢水中含各種農藥等。由于工業廢水中常含有多種有毒物質，污染環境對人類健康有很大危害，因此要開發綜合利用，化害為利，并根據廢水中污染物成分和濃度，采取相應的凈化措施進行處置后，才可排放。

　　工業廢水是指工業生產過程中產生的廢水、污水和廢液，其中含有隨水流失的工業生產用料、中間產物和產品以及生產過程中產生的污染物。隨著工業的迅速發展，廢水的種類和數量迅猛增加，對水體的污染也日趨廣泛和嚴重，威脅人類的健康和安全。因此，對于保護環境來說，工業廢水的處理比城市污水的處理更為重要。

　　自然界三大公害：生活廢水 渾濁空氣 工業噪音!

　　工業廢水的分類

　　**種是按工業廢水中所含主要污染物的化學性質分類，含無機污染物為主的為無機廢水，含**污染物為主的為**廢水。例如電鍍廢水和礦物加工過程的廢水是無機廢水，食品或石油加工過程的廢水是**廢水，印染行業生產過程中的是混合廢水，不同的行業排除的廢水含有的成分不一樣。

　　第二種是按工業企業的產品和加工對象分類，如冶金廢水、造紙廢水、煉焦煤氣廢水、金屬酸洗廢水、化學肥料廢水、紡織印染廢水、染料廢水、制革廢水、農藥廢水、電站廢水等。

　　第三種是按廢水中所含污染物的主要成分分類，如酸性廢水、堿性廢水、含氰廢水、含鉻廢水、含鎘廢水、含汞廢水、含酚廢水、含醛廢水、含油廢水、含硫廢水、含**磷廢水和放射性廢水等。

　　前兩種分類法不涉及廢水中所含污染物的主要成分，也不能表明廢水的危害性。

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　　Answer: industrial wastewater includes production wastewater, production sewage and cooling water, which refers to the wastewater and waste liquid generated in the process of industrial production, including industrial production materials, intermediates, by-products and pollutants generated in the production process. Industrial wastewater has a wide variety and complex components. For example, the wastewater of electrolytic salt industry contains mercury, the wastewater of heavy metal smelting industry contains various metals such as lead and cadmium, the wastewater of electroplating industry contains various heavy metals such as cyanide and chromium, the wastewater of petroleum refining industry contains phenols, and the wastewater of pesticide manufacturing industry contains various pesticides. As industrial wastewater often contains a variety of toxic substances, polluting the environment is very harmful to human health. Therefore, it is necessary to develop comprehensive utilization, turn harm into benefit, and take corresponding purification measures according to the composition and concentration of pollutants in the wastewater before discharge.

　　What are the industrial wastewater

　　Industrial wastewater refers to the wastewater, sewage and waste liquid produced in the process of industrial production, which contains industrial production materials, intermediates and products lost with water, as well as pollutants produced in the production process. With the rapid development of industry, the types and quantity of wastewater are increasing rapidly, and the pollution to water bodies is becoming increasingly widespread and serious, threatening human health and safety. Therefore, for environmental protection, the treatment of industrial wastewater is more important than the treatment of urban sewage.

　　Three major public hazards in nature: domestic wastewater, turbid air, industrial noise!

　　Classification of industrial wastewater

　　The first is classified according to the chemical properties of the main pollutants contained in industrial wastewater. Inorganic wastewater mainly contains inorganic pollutants and organic wastewater mainly contains organic pollutants. For example, electroplating wastewater and mineral processing wastewater are inorganic wastewater, food or oil processing wastewater is organic wastewater, and printing and dyeing industry production process is mixed wastewater. Wastewater discharged from different industries contains different components.

　　The second is classified according to the products and processing objects of industrial enterprises, such as metallurgical wastewater, papermaking wastewater, coking gas wastewater, metal pickling wastewater, chemical fertilizer wastewater, textile printing and dyeing wastewater, dye wastewater, tanning wastewater, pesticide wastewater, power station wastewater, etc.

　　The third is classified according to the main components of pollutants contained in wastewater, such as acidic wastewater, alkaline wastewater, cyanide wastewater, chromium wastewater, cadmium wastewater, mercury wastewater, phenol wastewater, aldehyde wastewater, oil-bearing wastewater, sulfur-containing wastewater, organic phosphorus wastewater and radioactive wastewater.

　　The first two classifications do not involve the main components of pollutants contained in wastewater, nor can they indicate the harmfulness of wastewater.